Click on the name of the state to access relevant statutory authority.
|
State |
Joint/Several Liability |
Authority |
|
Alabama |
Pure joint and several liability applies |
General Motors Corporation v. Edwards, 482 So. 2d 1176 (Ala. 1985); Matkin v. Smith, 643 So. 2d 949 (Ala. 1994). |
|
Alaska |
Pure several liability |
Alaska Stat. § 09.17.080(d). |
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Pure several liability |
Ariz. Rev. Stat. § 12-2506. |
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Arkansas |
Pure several liability |
Ark. Code Ann. § 16-55-201. |
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California |
Modified joint and several liability |
Cal. Civ. Code Ann. § 1431.2. |
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Colorado |
Modified joint and several liability |
Colo. Rev. Stat. § 13-21-111.5. |
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Connecticut |
Pure several liability |
Conn. Gen. Stat. Ch. 925 § 52-572(h). |
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Delaware |
Pure joint and several liability |
Sears Roebuck & Co. v. Huang, 652 A. 2d 568 (Del. 1995); 1 Del. C. Ann. Title 10 §§ 6301, 8132. |
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Pure several liability |
Fla. Stat. § 768.81(3). |
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Pure several liability |
Ga. Code Ann. § 51-12-33. |
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Modified joint and several liability |
Haw. Rev. Stat. § 663-10.9. |
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Idaho |
Modified joint and several liability |
Idaho Code § 6-803. |
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Modified joint and several liability |
Ill. Comp. Stat. § 735 ILCS 5/2-1117 (from Ch. 110). |
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Pure several liability |
Ind. Code § 34-51-2-8. |
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Iowa |
Modified joint and several liability |
Iowa Code § 668.4. |
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Kansas |
Pure several liability |
Kan. Stat. Ann. § 60-258a. |
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Kentucky |
Pure several liability |
Ky. Rev. Stat. Ann. § 411.182. |
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Modified joint and several liability |
La. Civ. Code Ann. Art. 2324. |
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Maine |
Modified joint and several liability |
14 Me. Rev. Stat. Ann. § 156-A. |
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Maryland |
Pure joint and several liability |
Consumer Prot. Div. v. Morgan, 874 A.2d 919 (Md. 2005). |
|
Pure joint and several liability |
Shantigar Found. V. Bear Mountain Builders, 804 N.E. 2d 324 (Mass. 2004); Mass. Gen. Laws Ch. 231B, §1. |
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Pure several liability |
Mich. Comp. Laws § 600.6304. |
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Modified joint and several liability |
Minn. Stat. § 604.02. |
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Mississippi |
Modified joint and several liability |
Miss. Code Ann. § 85-5-7. |
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Modified joint and several liability |
Mo. Ann. Stat §537.067. |
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Montana |
Modified joint and several liability |
Mont. Code Ann. § 27-1-703. |
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Nebraska |
Modified joint and several liability |
Neb. Rev. Stat. § 25-21, 185.10. |
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Modified joint and several liability |
Nev. Rev. Stat. § 41-141. |
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Modified joint and several liability |
N.H. Rev. Stat. Ann. § 507:7-e. |
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|
Modified joint and several liability |
N.J.S.A. 2A:15-5.3. |
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New Mexico |
Modified joint and several liability |
N.M. Stat. Ann. § 41-3A-1. |
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Modified joint and several liability |
N.Y.C.P.L.R. 1601. |
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North Carolina |
Pure joint and several liability |
Fulk v. Piedmont Music Ctr., 531 S.E. 2d 476 (N.C. Ct. App. 2000); Charnock v. Taylor, 26 S.E. 2d 911 (N.C. 1943). |
|
Modified joint and several liability |
N.D. Cent. Code § 32-03.2-02. |
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Ohio |
Modified joint and several liability |
Ohio Rev. Code § 2307.22. |
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Oklahoma |
Modified joint and several liability |
23 Okla. Stat. Ann. § 15. |
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Oregon |
Modified joint and several liability |
Or. Rev. Stat. § 31.610. |
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Pennsylvania |
Modified joint and several liability |
42 Pa. Cons. Stat. Ann. § 7102. |
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Pure joint and several liability |
R.I. Gen. Laws § 9-20-4. |
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South Carolina |
Pure joint and several liability |
Travelers Ins. Co. v. Allstate Ins. Co., 155 S.E.2d 591 (S.C. 1967); S.C. Code Ann. §15-38-20. |
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Modified joint and several liability |
S.D. Codified Laws § 15-8-15.1. |
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Tennessee |
Pure several liability |
McIntyre v. Balentine, 833 S.W.2d 52 (Tenn. 1992). |
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Modified joint and several liability |
Tex. Civ. Prac. Rem. Code § 33.013. |
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Pure several liability |
Utah Code Ann. § 78-27-40. |
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Vermont |
Pure several liability |
12 Vt. Stat. Ann. § 1036. |
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Virginia |
Pure joint and several liability |
Maroulis v. Elliot, 207 S.E.2d 339 (Va. 1966); Va. Code Ann. §8.01-443. |
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Modified joint and several liability |
Wash. Rev. Code §§ 4.22.070. |
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West Virginia |
Modified joint and several liability |
W. Va. Code Ann. § 55-7-13. |
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Modified joint and several liability |
Wis. Stat. § 895.045. |
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Pure several liability |
Wyo. Stat. § 1-1-109. |
